वाक्य क्या है वाक्य कितने प्रकार के होते है कैसे पहचाने कौनसा वाक्य है

Class 10th notes पाठ्यक्रम के हिसाब से विभिन्न प्रकार के वाक्य को समझाने के लिए बनाए जा सकते हैं। यहां कुछ विभिन्न प्रकार के वाक्य उदाहरण सहित हैं:

  1. सरलवाक्य(Simple Sentence):

    • रात को तारे चमकते हैं।
    • गोलू खेत में खेती करता है।
  2. संयुक्तवाक्य (Compound Sentence):

    • राज खेत में खेती करता है, लेकिन उसका दोस्त घर पर खेती करता है।
    • सोनिया बहुत अच्छा गाती है, और उसका भाई नृत्य करता है।
  3. मिश्रितवाक्य (Complex Sentence):

    • जब बारिश होती है, तो हम घर पर रहते हैं क्योंकि हमें नहाना पसंद नहीं है।
    • जब तुम पढ़ाई करते हो, तो मैं तुम्हारी मदद करता हूँ।
  4. उपमेयवाक्य(Imperative Sentence):

    • अपना हौसला बनाए रखो।
    • कृपया ध्यान दो।
  5. प्रश्नवाचकवाक्य (Interrogative Sentence):

    • क्या तुमने किताब पढ़ी?
    • क्या तुम्हारे पास वक्त है?
  6. आदिकालिकवाक्य (Simple Past Tense Sentence):

    • मैंने कल एक नई किताब पढ़ी।
    • हमने गाड़ी से शहर घूमा।

ये उदाहरण आपको विभिन्न प्रकार के बाक्यों का सारांश देने में मदद कर सकते हैं। आप अपने पाठ्यक्रम के हिसाब से विभिन्न प्रकार के बाक्य बना सकते हैं और उन्हें समझाने के लिए इन उदाहरणों का उपयोग कर सकते हैं।

इन वाक्यों को कैसे पहचातेहै ट्रिक बताइये

वाक्यों को पहचानने के लिए विभिन्न ट्रिक्स हैं जो आपको मदद कर सकती हैं:

  1. सरलवाक्य (Simple Sentence):
    • सरल वाक्य में केवल एक क्रिया होती है। इसमें कोई संयुक्त या मिश्रितवाक्य नहीं होता।

    उदाहरण: रात को तारे चमकते हैं।

  2. संयुक्तवाक्य (Compound Sentence):
    • संयुक्त वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक सरलवाक्य होते हैं, जो एक-दूसरे से बिना किसी यौगिक सम्बंध के जुड़े होते हैं।

    उदाहरण: राज खेत में खेती करता है, लेकिन उसका दोस्त घर पर खेती करता है।

  3. मिश्रितवाक्य (Complex Sentence):
    • मिश्रित वाक्य में एक मुख्य वाक्य और उससे जुड़े हुए एक या एक से अधिक सहायक वाक्य होते हैं।

    उदाहरण: जब बारिश होती है, तो हम घर पर रहते हैं क्योंकि हमें नहाना पसंद नहीं है।

  4. उपमेयबाक्य (Imperative Sentence):
    • उपमेय वाक्य में क्रिया होती है और इसका उद्देश्य किसी को कुछ करने के लिए कहना होता है।

    उदाहरण: अपना हौसला बनाए रखो।

  5. प्रश्नवाचकवाक्य (Interrogative Sentence):
    • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य में सवाल होता है और इसमें वाक्य का प्रकार पहचानने के लिए सवालीय शब्दों का प्रयोग होता है।

    उदाहरण: क्या तुमने किताब पढ़ी?

इन ट्रिक्स का उपयोग करके आप वाक्यों का प्रकार सही से पहचान सकते हैं। शब्दों के समर्थन से भी आप वाक्य का प्रकार निर्धारित कर सकते हैं।

Class 10 : Electricity Notes

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  1. Team Guffo says:

    ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

    M.Sc. (Mathematics with Applications in Computer Science)
    ALGEBRA
    (Valid from 1st July, 2017 to 30th June, 2018)
    It is compulsory to submit the assignment before filling in the exam form.
    School of Sciences
    Indira Gandhi National Open University
    Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068
    (2017-18)
    MMT-003
    2
    Dear Student,
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    3
    Assignment
    (To be done after studying Units 1-9 of the Study Guide)
    Course Code: MMT-003
    Assignment Code: MMT-003/TMA/2017-18
    Maximum Marks: 100
    1. Which of the following statements are true and which are false? Give reasons for your
    answers.
    [Note: No marks will be given for only saying ‘true’ or ‘false’. It is expected that you will
    give a short proof or a counter-example in support of saying ‘true’ or ‘false’, respectively.]
    i) If G is a group containing a normal subgroup of order 7, then G is finite.
    ii) Every free group is abelian.
    iii) If A is a symplectic matrix, then A is skew-symmetric.
    iv) x S: S : )x( ρ 3 → 3 ρ = is a representation of S . 3
    v) For any non-empty group G , G acts on Aut . (G)
    vi) Any finite cyclic group has only 2 irreducible characters.
    vii) If k is a field, so is k × k .
    viii) If K / L is an extension such that K contains all the zeros of some polynomial in
    ]x[L , then K / L is normal.
    ix) If F is a finite field with q elements, and K is an extension of F that is the splitting
    field of a polynomial over F of degree p , then K has q + p elements.
    x) There is at least one 2- )5 ,3( block design. (20) ,4
    2. a) Let G be the group of rigid motions of 2 R and S be the set of lines in the plane. For
    s∈S, consider } Rs ={( ,s gs g|) ∈G , an equivalence relation on S . Find the
    equivalence class of the x-axis under this relation. (2)
    b) Let n ∈ N , and }n, ,1{ ,2 K be partitioned into k subsets, of cardinality 1 k
    n , K, n
    respectively, with ∑=
    =
    k
    i 1
    n . Define a non-trivial action of i n S on the set of all such n
    partitions. Prove that the stabiliser of any element of this set is
    1 2 k
    Sn ×Sn ×K×Sn
    . (3)
    c) Prove that if G is a group, H a non-normal subgroup of G which is simple,
    | G | = |,n G : H | = m , then G is isomorphic to a subgroup of S . If m H is normal,
    would the conclusion still be true? Give reasons for your answer. (5)
    3. a) Let G be a group of order n and F be a field. Prove that G is isomorphic to a
    subgroup of )F( GLn
    . (4)
    b) Prove that there are only two isomorphism classes of groups of order 55. (12)
    4
    c) Let F be a free group on two generators, then check whether or not Dn F , for ~
    some n∈N . (2)
    d) Let G be an abelian group with } x{ , , x 1 K n
    being a set of generators. Then check
    whether G must be a free abelian group or not. (2)
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    ,A ∗ and 2
    ∗ , such that
    ( ,A )
    1
    ∗ is a semigroup and ) ( ,A 2
    ∗ is not a semigroup. Justify your choice of
    examples. (4)
    b) Describe the primes p for which 5 x
    2
    − splits into linear factors modulo p . Justify
    your description. (6)
    5. a) i) Prove that the relation ~ on the set R of representations of a group G over a
    field F, defined by ‘ρ1 ~ ρ2
    iff P P g G
    1
    ρ1g = ρ2g ∀ ∈

    , for some
    P∈GLn
    ),F( n ∈N ’, is an equivalence relation. (2)
    ii) Use (i) above to give two distinct equivalent representations of the group
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    = = = . Justify your choice of example. (4)
    b) Prove that if ) G GL ( ≤ n C , with m | G | = , then G is conjugate to H , where
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    . (3)
    c) Show that if G is a group of order n , its commutator subgroup G′ is normal in G .
    Further, find the number of irreducible representations of G
    G

    , and their
    dimensions. Will G necessarily have the same number of irreducible
    representations as G
    G

    ? Give reasons for your answer. (6)
    6. a) Let 1 F2
    ,F be fields such that F F , F1 ⊆ F2 ⊆ . If α∈F such that α is algebraic over
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    be algebraic over F ? Give reasons for your answers. (4) 1
    b) Prove that Q( ,p p′)= Q( p + p′), where p,p ′ are distinct primes. (3)
    c) Let F be a field with char F = 0 , and let ]x[F ,f g∈ such that g is an irreducible
    polynomial and g ′ )f,f( . (Here f′ denotes the derivative of f w.r.t. x .) Prove that
    g f|
    2
    . Further, check if this holds true for F with char 0 F = p ≠ . (5)
    d) If x , q p , n 2
    n ∈Fq = ≥ , does x have a pth root in Fq
    ? Give reasons for your
    answer. Further, show that every element of Fp
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    7. a) Give one example each, with justification, of a field extension F
    K , where
    5
    i) K is not a normal extension of F.
    ii) K is not a separable extension of F. (4)
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    c) Obtain the splitting field K of 7 2x x
    4 2
    + + over R . Show that 1 | G /F( K |) = . (3)

  2. Team Guffo says:

    MA Philosophy (MAPY)
    Assignments
    (First Year)
    Course Titles: MPY-001: INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
    MPYE-001: LOGIC
    MPYE-002: ETHICS
    MPYE-003: EPISTEMOLOGY
    MPYE-004: PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN PERSON
    MPYE-005: WORLD RELIGIONS
    MPYE-006: DALIT PHILOSOPHY
    MPYE-007: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN PHILOSOPHY
    July 2017 and January 2018
    CBCI Chair
    Indira Gandhi National Open University
    Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110 068
    Dear Student,
    Welcome to IGNOU and the programme of study in philosophy. Those enrolled for July
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    Date: July 2017
    Assignment – 1
    MPY – 001: Indian Philosophy
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Explain the Mimamsa theory of knowledge in detail. 20
    OR
    Write a detailed essay on the four noble truths. 20
    2. Make a detailed exposition of the Samkhya theory of evolution. 20
    OR
    Examine the concept of God and the paths of liberation as expounded in the Gita. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Discuss the salient features of Indian philosophy. 10
    b) Explain the Atomic theory of Vaisesika. 10
    c) Discuss the means of liberation according to the Visistadvaita school of Vedanta. 10
    d) Write a short essay on the moral philosophy of Tiruvalluvar. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) How many elements of the material world do the Carvakas believe in? 5
    b) What is Avidya according to Advaita Vedanta? 5
    c) Briefly explain anatmavada (no-soul theory). 5
    e) Describe the seven types of judgments presented in syadvada. 5
    f) What do you understand by asamaprajnata samadhi? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Darsana 4
    b) Purusarthas 4
    c) Sat and asat 4
    d) Asatkarya vada 4
    e) Sarvodaya 4
    f) Samanya or generality 4
    g) Sacidananda 4
    h) Varnashrama dharma 4
    Assignment – 2
    MPYE 001: Logic
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Explain the general characteristics of dilemma. Discuss the methods used for avoiding
    dilemma. 20
    OR
    Discuss the rules of categorical syllogism with proper examples. 20
    2. Give a detailed account of Negation, Conjunction, and Disjunction form of compound
    propositions with sufficient examples. 20
    OR
    Discuss the rule of quantification in detail. How would you apply these quantification rules?
    Illustrate with examples. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) How do you relate the major, minor and middle terms in a syllogism? 10
    b) What is digital logic? Write a note on Boolean operators. 10
    c) Explain the fallacy of presumption with examples. 10
    d) Elucidate square of opposition. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) Contrast between deduction and induction. 5
    b) What do you understand by the mood of a syllogism? 5
    c) Differentiate between reason and inference. 5
    d) Define Truth-table with an example. 5
    e) Explain universal generalization 5
    f) What do you understand by existential quantifier? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Connotation of terms 4
    b) Contrariety and subcontrariety 4
    c) Multi-value logic 4
    d) Hasty generalization 4
    e) Bi-conditional 4
    f )Invalidity 4
    g) Instantiation 4
    h) Mood of a syllogism 4
    Assignment – 3
    MPYE – 002: Ethics
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. What makes international ethics important? Discuss how philosophical schools of thought
    focus on various aspects of international relations. 20
    OR
    Discuss virtue ethics. How is it different from deontological ethics? Explain. 20
    2. Explain the distinctive features of environmental ethics. Why has environmental ethics
    become an important issue of human concern today? 20
    OR
    “Human person must invent his own values” – Explain with reference to the existentialist
    humanism of Sartre. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) What do you understand by cultural and ethical subjectivism? 10
    b) How do you understand human freedom and moral responsibility? Explain. 10
    c) How do you look at freedom of press and individual‟s right of privacy? 10
    d) Make clear the distinction between values and norms. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) Briefly explain the emotivism of A. J. Ayer. 5
    b) Describe the doctrine of karma. 5
    c) Name the seven norms proposed by Bentham for the measurement of pleasure. 5
    d) Briefly discuss the right to life. 5
    e) What do you understand by social responsibility of media? 5
    f) What do you understand by „the Absolute Should‟? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Moral pluralism 4
    b) Svadharma 4
    c) Intuitionism 4
    d) Pancasila 4
    e) Teleology 4
    f) Consequentialism 4
    g) Responsibility for the Other 4
    h) Determinism 4
    Assignment – 4
    MPYE – 003: Epistemology
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Define certitude. Explain various kinds of certitudes possible. 20
    OR
    Write an essay on the types of Khyati-vada or theories of error. 20
    2. Discuss how various schools of Indian thought approach the method of perception. 20
    OR
    How does one argue for the impossibility of Epistemology from the theory-ladenness of
    observations? Explain different ways of answering such criticisms. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) What do you know about Ideal Language Philosophy and Ordinary Langauge Philosophy?
    Explain. 10
    b) What is the relation existing between epistemic justification and truth? Discuss various
    theories of justification. 10
    c) How comparison (Upamana) is used as a means of valid knowledge? 10
    d) Discuss the three components of hermeneutical enterprise. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What is a paradigm? 5
    b) What are the main streams that helped in the development of the linguistic turn in
    Philosophy? 5
    c) Distinguish between nirvikalpaka and savikalpaka perceptions. 5
    d) Briefly explain Sphota Theory. 5
    e) What is Rorty‟s argument against Epistemology? 5
    f) Differentiate between internalism and externalism. 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Postulation (Arthapati) 4
    b) Syadvada 4
    c) Fallibilism 4
    d) Nescience 4
    e) Language game 4
    f) Dhvani 4
    g) God‟s eye view 4
    h) Naturalized Epistemology 4
    Assignment – 5
    MPYE004: Philosophy of Human Person
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. What are the basic questions considered in general anthropology? How is philosophical
    anthropology distinct from it? Explain. 20
    OR
    Are humans free? How does one respond to the Freudian challenge of psychological
    determinism? 20
    2. How does Heidegger differentiate between authentic and inauthentic lives? Explain how he
    situates Dasein as a being-in-the-world? 20
    OR
    What are the issues connected to the question of personal identity? Discuss the
    antropological Insights into the relation between human body and self. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Discuss how the question of human person is approached in the Existentialist Philosophy.
    10
    b) Explain the goals of human life (Purusarthas) as envisioned in the Indian thought. 10
    c) Define self-actualization as the perfection of human transformation. 10
    d) Explain Marcel‟s concept of authentic human relationship? 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) How does Albert Camus approach life and death? 5
    b) What is Ricoeur‟s understanding of freedom? 5
    c) Can we differentiate between freedom and liberty? 5
    d) Describe the root of human dignity. 5
    e) What are the philosophical implications of the theory of reincarnation? 5
    f) Why persons are to be treated as “ends in themselves”? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Animal symbolicum 4
    b) Logotherapy 4
    c) Facticity 4
    d) Butterfly Effect 4
    e) Appetite 4
    f) Resuscitation 4
    g) Categorical imperative 4
    h) Death is the law of matter 4
    Assignment – 6
    MPYE 005: World Religions
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Discuss the eightfold path that Buddhism suggests as a way of overcoming suffering. 20
    OR
    Explain in detail each of the articles of faith in Islam. 20
    2. Write a detailed essay on the Hindu ethics. 20
    OR
    Make brief notes on the core beliefs of Christianity. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Give brief descriptions of the animate and inanimate substances discussed in Jainism. 10
    b) Make a detailed exposition of the doctrine of dependent origination. 10
    c) Write a short essay on the guru tradition in Sikhism. 10
    d) Discuss Confucianism as a religion of virtues. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What are the basic principles of Jewish faith? 5
    b) What is the concept of liberation (Moksa) in Jainism? 5
    c) What was the vedic concept of God? 5
    d) Briefly describe the concept of God in Sikhism. 5
    e) How do you understand Zakat (religious tax)? 5
    f) Describe the Zoroastrian understanding of God. 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Aranyakas 4
    b) Rita 4
    c) Kabbalah 4
    d) Khalsa 4
    e) Nididhyasanam 4
    f) Covenant 4
    g) Incarnation 4
    h) Hajj 4
    Assignment – 7
    MPYE – 006: Dalit Philosophy
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Explain how the dalits are dehumanized through denial of due space in a caste-ridden
    society. 20
    OR
    Discuss the relationship existing between the dalit cultural context and their religiosity. What
    are the affective and emotive aspects of Dalit rituals? 20
    2. Enumerate the bases for Dalit Eschatology and discuss elaborately its materialist features.
    20
    OR
    Explain the characteristics of Dalit religious philosophy and examine Ambedkar‟s
    philosophical analysis of religion from this perspective. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Analyse the distinction between the features of Dalit and non-Dalit myths and cultural
    symbols. 10
    b) Why is philosophizing from dalit perspectives important today? 10
    c) Write a short essay on Periyar‟s Critique of Religion. 10
    d) Why do the dalits place much importance to the social dimensions of religions than their
    teachings and principles? 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What do you know about the Gandhi-Ambedkar debate in the dalit context? 5
    b) What are the Dalit expressions of self-assertion? 5
    c) What do you understand by a philosophy of liberation? 5
    d) How do the dalits approach the problem of evil? 5
    e) How does a dalit approach death? 5
    f) Does caste cut across barriers of Religions? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Dalit world-view 4
    b) Varna 4
    c) Chakalatwam 4
    d) Subaltern Religion 4
    e) Jyotirao Phule 4
    f) Social equality 4
    g) Kancha Ilaiah 4
    h) Labour as foundation of dalit Living 4
    Assignment – 8
    MPYE-007 Research Methodology in Philosophy
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Illustrate the general components of philosophical methods. How are they related to the
    scientific method? Explain. 20
    OR
    Write an essay on the rational method of investigation. 20
    3. Explain how a research report should be presented, making short descriptions of each
    sections of a research report. 20
    OR
    Compare and contrast the similarities and differences that exist in the methods of Locke,
    Berkeley and Hume. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Make clear the differences between Hegel and Marxian Dialectics. 10
    b) Explain various tools of research. 10
    c) Can we understand deconstruction as a strategic reading? Explain. 10
    d) Explain how the problem of a thesis is presented? 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) Differentiate between quantitative and qualitative methods. 5
    b) What is the importance of Scientific method? 5
    c) Describe various types of note-taking? 5
    d) What do you know about language game theory? 5
    e) Describe some of the characteristic features of Empiricism. 5
    f) What do you understand by phenomenological reduction? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Prediction from hypothesis 4
    b) Negation 4
    c) Intentionality 4
    d) Sphota Theory 4
    e) Pre-understanding 4
    f) Instrumental Reason 4
    g) Bracketing (epoche) 4
    h) Hermeneutical circle 4

  3. Team Guffo says:

    MA PHILOSOPHY (MAPY)
    Assignments
    (Second Year)
    Course Titles: MPY – 002: WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
    MPYE – 008: METAPHYSICS
    MPYE – 009: PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND COSMOLOGY
    MPYE – 010: PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
    MPYE – 011: PHILOSOPHY OF ART (AESTHETICS)
    MPYE – 012: TRIBAL PHILOSOPHY
    MPYE – 013: PHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY
    MPYE – 014: PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
    MPYE – 015: GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY
    MPYE – 016: PHILOSOPHY OF SRI AUROBINDO
    For July 2017 and January 2018 sessions
    CBCI Chair
    Indira Gandhi National Open University
    Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110 068
    Dear Student,
    Welcome to IGNOU and the programme of study in philosophy. Those enrolled for July
    2017 session must submit these assignments on or before March 2018 and those of you
    getting enrolled for January 2018 must submit the assignments on or before August 30, 2018.
    Copies of assignments are available on IGNOU website as well.
    Assignments are open book examination and we at IGNOU assign 30 per cent weightage to
    the assignment while calculating the overall grade for each course. Assignments are to be
    hand-written or neatly typed and duly signed on it before its submission in the study centre.
    In order to prepare a good set of assignment-responses, you must first of all read the
    chapter(s) from which a particular question has been framed. Discuss with your peer-group
    and academic counselors or professors who teach you. Prepare a draft, do the necessary
    correction on it and then, prepare the final version for submission to the Study Centre.
    Make sure that each question answer starts on a new page. For long and medium answers,
    ensure that there is an introduction, sub-titles for main body and a conclusion. One line
    should be left between each paragraph. Make sure your answers are specific and in your own
    words and do not copy from books. Your answers will be exclusively based on the IGNOU
    materials. Keep the word limit mentioned against each question. Preparation of assignments
    is preparation for your term-end examination. Therefore take the assignments seriously.
    You must keep a duplicate/carbon/Xerox copy of your assignment for future reference.
    Always take an acknowledgement receipt from the study-centre while submitting your
    assignments. Ensure that you read the programme guide carefully which will answer most of
    your doubts. Wish you all the best for your studies.
    Prof. Nandini Sinha Kapur
    (Programme Coordinator)
    Date: July 2017
    Assignment – 1
    MPY – 002: Western Philosophy
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Explain the major metaphysical and epistemological issues discussed in Western
    Philosophy. 20
    OR
    Write an essay on Hegel‟s dialectic method and the „Philosophy of spirit‟. 20
    2. Explain the rationalist position on innate ideas. How do the empiricists critique it? 20
    OR
    What are the general characteristics of existentialism? Explain the important themes
    discussed in existentialism. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Contrast Spinoza‟s concept of substance with that of Descartes. 10
    b) Briefly explain Kant‟s Philosophy of Knowledge. 10
    c) Explain Plato‟s analogy of the ideal republic in your own words. 10
    d) Discuss the fundamental principle of becoming in the philosophy of Whitehead. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What is efficient cause? 5
    b) Describe the theory of divine illumination in Augustine. 5
    c) What are the general characteristics of feminist thought? 5
    d) What is family resemblance? 5
    e) How does Aquinas approach the question of faith and reason? 5
    f) What do you know about the hermeneutic circle? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Deconstruction 4
    b) Matters of fact 4
    c) Problem of evil 4
    d) Intuition 4
    e) Economic alienation 4
    f) Ecofeminism 4
    g) Will to power 4
    h) Materialism 4
    Assignment – 2
    MPYE – 008: Metaphysics
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Explain in detail the characteristics of Being. 20
    OR
    Explain the starting point of Metaphysics according to different thinkers. 20
    2. Elaborate the early western and Indian approaches to the problem of one and many. 20
    OR
    Make a detailed exposition of various intrinsic and extrinsic causes. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) How do you explain primary matter and substantial form from the classical perspectives?
    10
    b) Explain the fundamental notions and principles discussed in Western metaphysics. 10
    c) Discuss the general characteristics of „accident‟. 10
    d) Give a detailed account of the essential nature of cause, its main divisions and its relation
    to effect. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) Is Being univocal, equivocal or analogous? 5
    b) Explain essence as the principle of limitation. 5
    c) Is Being the formal object of knowledge? 5
    d) What is the category of inherence (samavaya)? 5
    e) Describe the problem of falsity? 5
    f) What do you understand by the absolute and relative? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Maya 4
    b) Being as Tad Ekam 4
    c) Free will 4
    d) Problem of Evil 4
    e) Potency 4
    f) Logical Truth 4
    g) Agapeic Love 4
    h) Gnosticism 4
    Assignment – 3
    MPYE – 009: Philosophy of Science and Cosmology
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. What is the relationship between science and philosophy? Explain the broad areas of
    inquiry that philosophy of science deals with. 20
    OR
    Is the universe infinite or finite? Discuss. 20
    2. Write an essay on the major issues addressed in philosophy of science. 20
    OR
    What is the relation between reason and faith? How Scientific Perspective of Truth differs
    from Religious Perspectives? Explain. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Explain how philosophy of science is related to metaphysics. 10
    b) “Science cannot, and should not, be confused with moral issues, as it is objective and
    rational” – Give your comments. 10
    c) Make a critical analysis of logical positivism. 10
    d) Discuss the methodological problems that one faces while explaining social phenomena.
    10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What is an island universe? 5
    b) What is dark energy? 5
    c) What do you understand by theory-ladenness of observation? 5
    d) How is quantum mechanics different from classical mechanics? 5
    e) What do we mean by unobservables in science? 5
    f) Make a brief description of the steady-state theory. 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Falsificationalism 4
    b) Schrodinger’s Cat 4
    c) Multiverse 4
    d) Verification theory 4
    e) Inductive reasoning 4
    f) Paradigm 4
    g) Relativity of Time 4
    h) Big Bang 4
    Assignment – 4
    MPYE – 010: Philosophy of Religion
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Explain how masters of suspicion, Nietzsche, Marx, and Freud, have approached the
    question of religion. 20
    OR
    Explain various types of religious experiences. Is Religious Experience something that can
    be cultivated? Discuss. 20
    2. Discuss the philosophical and socio-cultural roots of modern atheism. 20
    OR
    Give a detailed account of the arguments placed by scholastic thinkers for the existence of
    God. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Is organised religion necessary? Make a distinction between the oppressive and liberative
    understandings of religion. 10
    b) Discuss the relation existing between myth, philosophy and religion. 10
    c) Explain how religious thinkers defend religious language against the attacks of
    „verification‟ and „falsification‟ principles. 10
    d) Explain some of the prominent western explanation to the problem of evil. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) Define Philosophy of religion. 5
    b) What do you know about neurotheology? 5
    c) Place the problem of evil in a logical sequence. 5
    d) Is religious language univocal, equivocal, or analogical? 5
    e) How does Emile Durkheim look at religious experience? 5
    f) What are the elements of rituals? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Sacred Space 4
    b) Naturalism 4
    c) Symbolism 4
    d) Functions of liturgy 4
    e) Determinism and Indeterminism 4
    f) Secularism 4
    g) Priesthood 4
    h) Immanence 4
    Assignment – 5
    MPYE – 011: Philosophy of Art (Aesthetics)
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Write short essays on the concepts of „aesthetic experience‟ and „aesthetic recipient‟. 20
    OR
    Make detailed exposition of various theories of rasa like Utpattivada, Anumitivada, and
    Bhuktivada. 20
    2. Explain in detail the Aristotelian doctrine of catharsis. 20
    OR
    Explain how Hegel approaches the question of art in his philosophical framework. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) What do you mean by the enjoyment of beauty in art? 10
    b) Discuss the key concepts of rasa theory. 10
    c) Explain the concept of alaukika rasa. 10
    d) Explain the sense of taste defined and redefined by Edmund Burke. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What is Aesthetic relish? 5
    b) Briefly explain the doctrine of Sadharnikarana. 5
    c) Briefly explain Edmund Burke‟s distinction between the sublime and the beautiful. 5
    d) Is art an interpretation? 5
    e) Briefly describe the representation theory of art. 5
    f) What is the nature of rasa? 5

    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Suchness 4
    b) Aesthetic Object 4
    c) The inference theory of Rasa (rasanumiti vada) 4
    d) Dhvani 4
    e) Universality of the sense of beauty 4
    f) Vyabhicarihava 4
    g) Imagination 4
    h) Sahrdaya 4
    Assignment – 6
    MPYE – 012: Tribal Philosophy
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Make a detailed exposition of the tribal contributions to Indian civilization. 20
    OR
    Examine the need for re-tribalisation in reference to the modern hunger for tribal values. 20
    2. Explain various factors that constitute and threaten tribal identity. 20
    OR
    Examine the significance of communion with ancestral spirits for Adivasis in the light of
    tribal eschatological beliefs. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) How does the Chief Seattle present interconnectedness of the tribal people with nature, one
    another, and the common destiny? 10
    b) Explain why the meaning system and philosophy of life of the agrarian communities are
    based on the nature. 10
    c) Are we justified in understanding tribals as a people fragmented by race, religion and
    language? Explain. 10
    d) What are the unique factors that signify tribal religious life? How do you look at the future
    of tribal religions? 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) How is tribal art connected to normal events of life? 5
    b) briefly discuss the tribal belief in ancestor spirits. 5
    c) What are the general characteristics of Indian tribes according to T.B Naik? 5
    d) Is folk medicine related to Ayurveda? 5
    e) describe the functions of tribal aesthetics. 5
    f) Briefly describe the creation account of the Santals. 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Tribal dependence on land 4
    b) Disom hor 4
    c) Eco-aesthetics 4
    d) Ekalavya 4
    e) Migration and destruction of culture 4
    f) Sanskritization 4
    g) Totemism 4
    h) Sacrificial meal 4
    Assignment – 7
    MPYE – 013: Philosophy of Technology
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. What are the applications of nano technology? Discuss the social and ethical implications
    of nano technology. 20
    OR
    Discuss various ethical and legal issues associated with genetic engineering. 20
    2. Explain how research in Artificial intelligence is assisting the functionalist understanding
    of human mind. 20
    OR
    Write an essay on the ethical and social aspects of technology. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) What is neurotheology? How does neurotheology understand religious experience? 10
    b) Explain the philosophical relevance of chaos theory. 10
    c) What do you understand by the democratization of technology? 10
    d) Is personhood solely depended on human brain? Discuss. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What do you understand by the technologization of human nature? 5
    b) How does Heidegger understand human person as a being-toward-death? 5
    c) How did the epicureans understand death? 5
    d) What are the philosophical consequences of deterministic Newtonian mechanics? 5
    e) What are the advantages of human genetic engineering? 5
    f) Can evil be understood as a denial of mortality? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Artificial intelligence 4
    b) Genetic Chips 4
    c) Cloning 4
    d) Species extension 4
    e) Mind uploading 4
    f) Fractals 4
    g) Cryonics 4
    h) Stem cell 4
    Assignment – 8
    MPYE – 014: Philosophy of Mind
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Discuss in detail various mind-body theories. 20
    OR
    Present arguments for and against Animal Consciousness. 20
    2. Why the distinction of strong & weak artificial intelligence (AI) philosophically
    significant? Discuss reductionism from the perspective of AI. 20
    OR
    Explain how the possibility of survival of mind was looked at in the ancient and medieval
    western philosophy? 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) What is the importance and scope of philosophy of mind? 10
    b) Explain in detail various philosophical notions dealt with in the philosophy of mind. 10
    c) How do philosophers and scientists approach the problem of mind in non-human animals?
    Explain. 10
    d) Is understanding as a non-conscious state or process? Discuss. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What is the relation between philosophy of mind and Computer Science? 5
    b) Describe the notion of personal identity? 5
    c) What do you understand by physical body and lived body? 5
    d) Why is mind-body problem treated as a category error? 5
    e) What is the Buddhist theory of meaning (Apohavada)? 5
    f) Briefly discuss the problem of other minds 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Physicalism 4
    b) Recognition 4
    c) Occasionalism 4
    d) Intentionality 4
    e) Remembering 4
    f) Free will 4
    g) Ghost in the machine 4
    h) Emergentism 4
    Assignment – 9
    MPYE – 015: Gandhian Philosophy
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Explain the Gandhian notion of truth. What are the implications of the formulation ‘Truth
    is God’? 20
    OR
    Explain in detail the relevance and limitations of non-violence. 20
    2. Explain the dynamic meaning of ahimsa and satyagraha. Discuss their socio-political
    significance. 20
    OR
    Give a detailed account of the socio-political philosophy of sarvodaya. 20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Discuss the implications that flow from Gandhi’s concept of man as a manifestation of
    God. 10
    b) How does Gandhi establish faith as a sure means of knowledge? 10
    c) Explain the principles that govern Gandhi‟s vision of religious harmony. 10
    d) Make a critical analysis of the Gandhian metaphysics. 10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) Briefly discuss the concept of non-violence in Gandhi. 5
    b) Distinguish between „religious tolerance‟ and „religious harmony‟. 5
    c) Briefly discuss the core of Gandhi‟s religious experience. 5
    d) What do you understand by philosophical anarchism? 5
    e) What is the relation between reason and faith? 5
    f) Describe the concept of Trusteeship? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Sevagram 4
    b) Jivanmukta 4
    c) Civil disobedience 4
    d) Karma 4
    e) Eleven vows 4
    f) Satyagraha ashram 4
    g) Non-cooperation 4
    h) Swadeshi 4
    Assignment – 10
    MPYE – 016: Philosophy of Sri Aurobindo
    Notes:
    i) Answer all five questions
    ii) All questions carry equal marks
    iii) For every question, refer to the texts and write down the assignment-responses in your
    own words.
    iv) Answers to question no.1 and 2 should be in about 500 words each
    1. Discuss how maya is understood as the self‟s experience of its being in the philosophy of
    Aurobindo. 20
    OR
    How does Aurobindo explain cosmic consciousness as the source of reconciliation between
    matter and spirit? Discuss. 20
    2. Give a detailed account Aurobindo‟s educational philosophy. 20
    OR
    Explain the types and aspects of being according to the integral world-view of Aurobindo.20
    3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 250 words each:
    a) Discuss how Aurobindo approach the question of one and many. 10
    b) Discuss the distinctiveness of Aurobindo‟s concept of evolution. 10
    c) Explain in detail the foundations and objects of Integral Yoga. 10
    d) How does Aurobindo present the individual self and its destiny in his philosophy? Explain.
    10
    4. Answer any four of the following in about 150 words each:
    a) What is the relevance of integral world-view? 5
    b) What do you understand by the concept, Sachchidananda? 5
    c) How does Aurobindo define the Brahman? 5
    d) What are the three madnesses that Aurobindo admited to have? 5
    e) What do you understand by the lila of consciousness? 5
    f) What is the concept of integral advaita? 5
    5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:
    a) Evolution and involution 4
    b) Sanskaras 4
    c) Overmind 4
    d) Spiritualization 4
    e) Tat-tvam asi 4
    f) The Superconscient 4
    g) Seven types of ignorance 4
    h) Upasana 4

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