A data warehouse is a huge collection of data. Such data may involve grouping of data on multiple attributes. For example, the enrolment data of the students of a University may be represented using...
A super class may either have a single subclass or many subclasses in specialisation. In case of only one subclass we do not use circle notation to show the relationship of subclass/super class. Sometimes...
ENHANCED ER – In addition to ER modeling concepts the ENHANCED ER model includes: 1) Subclass and Super class 2) Inheritance 3) Specialisation and Generalisation. ENHANCED ER – ईआर मॉडलिंग अवधारणाओं के अलावा ENHANCED ER मॉडल...
A good database design has the following features: एक good database design में निम्नलिखित विशेषताएं हैं: • Faithfulness: The design and implementation should be faithful to the requirements. The use of constraints helps to achieve...
Supervision is an important aspect of the directing function. It involves the managerial task of observing the subordinates at work to ensure that they are working according to plans and policies of the organisation,...
Critical Path Method was developed by the engineers of the Du Pont Company in the 1950s for its application in all scheduling work, construction projects, research and development programmes and in many other situations that...
1. No control over external factors : Control is intended to be exercised on factors which are internal to an enterprise. But there are external factors like government action, change of market conditions, discovery...
Let us now discuss the objectives of coordination which have been listed as below: 1 Reconciliation of goals : Conflicts in organisation arise because of differences between organisational goals and individual goals and the...
Effective communication implies that the message transmitted by the sender is understood accepted and acted upon by the receiver for the intended purpose. In actual practice, one or two factors often stand in the way...
Managerial Grid : The managerial grid refers to a diagrarnatic representation the possible combinations of concern for people and concern for production which may be reflected in the style of leadership. The concept of...
Maslow’s Need Priority theory is based on the needs of people. was of the view that the process of motivation begins with behaviour which at least in part, is directed towards the satisfaction of needs....
Line Organisation Vs Functional Organisation Line Organisation ...
Itrepresents a direct vertical relationship through which activity flows. It is also known as Scalar or military organisation. The line of authority flows from top to bottom throughout the organisation. The quantum of authority is...
The behavioural approach to management developed as a corollary to the human relations approach. But it also reflected of intensive research carried out by ‘behavioural scientists’ belonging to the disciplines of sociology, social psychology,...
Yes, we are agree agree with the view that “management is both a science and an art”. Management has characteristics of both science and art. It is through scientific methods of observation and experiments...
