Answer - Following are the methods of correcting the disequilibrium in balance of payment:
(1) Use of past reserves
(2) Borrowings from international monetary fund
(3) Monetary policy
(4) Fiscal policy
(5) Exchange rate adjustment.
Answer - The usual monetary policy measures are as under:
(i) Change in interest rates
(ii) Change in credit policy by changing cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio.
(iii) Open market operation i.e. issue of treasury bills bonds and securities by the government.
(iv) Changing the margin requirements
Answer - Some important noon-equity forms of technology transfer:
(i) Strategic alliance
(ii) Sub-contracting
(iii) Outright sale/purchase of technology
(iv) Management contract
(v) Franchising.
Answer - WTO
International trade organization and agreements like World Trade Organization (WTO), United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), International Commodity Agreements.
Answer - Following are the major problems faced by developing countries in promoting their exports:(1) Low income elasticity of demand(2) Competition from substitutes(3) Technological developments resulting in demand decline(4) Growth of service sector(5) In elasticity of supply(6) Wide fluctuations in the prices(7) Protectionism including subsidies and tariff and non-tariff barriers(8) Managed trade(9) Non-trade issues including child labour, environmental protection, arms spending, human rights record, labour standards, good governance etc.(10) Multinational corporation’s influence.
Answer - किसी देश की संस्कृति को समझने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण तत्व हैं: भाषा, सौंदर्यशास्त्र, शिक्षा, धर्म और अंधविश्वास, दृष्टिकोण और मूल्य, सामग्री संस्कृति, सामाजिक समूह और संगठन, व्यापार सीमा शुल्क और प्रथाओं।
