FREE IGNOU MHI-02 Solved QUESTION Paper DECEMBER 2022

7. Demography and Socio-economic Change: Demography, the study of population dynamics, has a significant impact on socio-economic changes:

Population growth and age distribution influence labor markets, social services, and economic growth. A youthful population can provide a labor force that fuels economic growth, but it also requires adequate educational and healthcare resources.

Migration patterns affect cultural diversity and labor supply in different regions. International migration can lead to brain drain from developing countries and cultural integration in host countries.

Demographic transitions, such as declining birth and death rates, influence family structures and labor force participation. As birth rates decrease, societies may experience aging populations, impacting social welfare systems and pension schemes.

Urbanization, driven by demographic shifts from rural to urban areas, affects infrastructure development, housing, and social services. Rapid urbanization can strain resources and create challenges related to housing affordability and environmental sustainability.