THE PROCESS OF STANDARDIZATION : ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Johnson’s dictionary had encoded not only words, but also their spelling; and now that the spelling was practically arranged, it was easier to recommend pronunciation based on them. Johnson himself believed that the best pronunciation was the one that agreed with the spelling. These precepts were put into practice by John Walker in his A Dictioinario pronouncing critical (1 79 1). If there was an-h in the spelling, h should sound. The verbal endings -ing, as when going, should not be pronounced in ‘for the same reason. The pronunciation of whole words like the forehead, often and the vest, must also be reformed according to the spelling.
But this pronunciation coding process was accompanied simultaneously by the elimination of a certain type of pronunciation. For example, the most barbaric type of pronunciation was associated with the cockney speech in London and people were asked not to follow it.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the institution of public schools had developed where they grew, cultivated and taught a pronunciation that can be described as codified.
We must also remember that this process of standardization was intricately related to social factors. Factors such as class and community played a very important role in both the coding process and the elimination. In other words, the power relations within English society were instrumental in forming the standard.
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