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2 Grammatical Categories of the English Verb: The English verb is a crucial part of sentence structure, expressing actions, states, and occurrences. It has several grammatical categories that impact its usage:
- Tense: Verbs can be categorized into different tenses, indicating when an action occurred. Common tenses include past (“walked”), present (“walk”), and future (“will walk”).
- Aspect: Aspect refers to how an action is viewed in terms of its completion or ongoing nature. English has two aspects: simple (“I write”) and progressive (“I am writing”).
- Mood: Mood expresses the speaker’s attitude towards the action. The indicative mood states facts (“She sings”), the imperative mood gives commands (“Sing!”), and the subjunctive mood expresses hypothetical or unreal situations (“If I were”).
- Voice: Voice indicates the relationship between the subject and the action. The active voice (“He paints the wall”) emphasizes the subject’s action, while the passive voice (“The wall is painted by him”) emphasizes the recipient of the action.
- Modal Verbs: Modal verbs like “can,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “shall,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “must,” and “ought to” convey modality, indicating possibility, necessity, obligation, or permission.
