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8. English East India Company: The English East India Company was a British trading company established in 1600 with the aim of monopolizing trade between England and the East Indies (Asia). Over time, the company expanded its operations to the Indian subcontinent. The company gained a foothold through trading posts and fortifications, eventually acquiring territorial control.

The Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked a turning point as the company gained control over Bengal. The company’s rule led to the establishment of the British Raj in India. The company’s governance was marked by both economic exploitation and administrative reforms. Its trading interests often clashed with local rulers and other European powers, leading to conflicts. The company’s rule came to an end after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, and India was formally brought under direct British Crown rule in 1858.

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